A varicocele is a varicose vein of the testicle and scrotum that may cause pain, testicular atrophy (shrinkage) or fertility problems. Veins contain one-way valves that work to allow blood to flow from the testicles and scrotum back to the heart. When these valves fail, the blood pools and enlarges the veins around the testicle in the scrotum to cause a varicocele. Approximately 10 percent of all men have varicoceles and among infertile couples, the incidence of varicoceles increases to 30-40 percent. The highest occurrence is reported in men aged 15-35. As many as 70,000-80,000 men in America may undergo treatment of varicocele annually. Varicocele symptoms are mild and many do not require treatment. Treatment may be necessary if the varicocele is causing discomfort or any of the other problems listed below.
Pain
Varicoceles can cause an aching pain in the testicle or scrotum. The pain may start or get worse after standing or sitting up for prolonged periods of time or after heavy lifting. The pain is caused by pooling of blood within the varicoceles made worse by the effects of gravity. Typically, painful varicoceles are prominent in size.
Fertility Problems
Varicoceles are associated with infertility or subfertility and in one study up to 40% of subfertile men were found to have varicoceles. Varicoceles are associated with decreased sperm count, decreased sperm movement or motility and higher numbers of deformed sperm. While it is unclear exactly how varicoceles contibute to these problems, studies have shown that 50-70% of men undergoing varicocele repair will have a significant improvement in the quality and/or quantity of their sperm.
Testicular Atrophy
Shrinking, or Atrophy, of the testicles can be caused by varicoceles. This condition is often diagnosed during physical exam for other reasons, such as a sports physical. After repair of the varicocele the affected testicle will often return to normal size.
For more information about Testicular Varicocele, or to schedule an appointment, please call (916) 732-7777.
